Introduction

• Operators are special symbols that represent computations.
• Operands are the values that the operators are applied to.

Types of Operators

• Arithmetic Operators
• Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Membership Operators
• Identity Operators

Arithmetic Operators

• + : Addition
• - : Subtraction
• * : Multiplication
• / : Division
• // : Floor Division
• % : Modulus
• ** : Exponentiation

Arithmetic Operators

5 + 3  # 8
5 - 3  # 2
5 * 3  # 15
5 / 3  # 1.666...
5 // 3 # 1
5 % 3  # 2
5 ** 3 # 125

Comparison Operators

• == : Equal to
• != : Not equal to
• > : Greater than
• < : Less than
• >= : Greater than or equal to
• <= : Less than or equal to

Comparison Operators

5 == 3  # False
5 != 3  # True
5 > 3   # True
5 < 3   # False
5 >= 3  # True
5 <= 3  # False

Logical Operators

• and : Logical AND
• or : Logical OR
• not : Logical NOT

Logical Operators

True and False  # False
True or False   # True
not True        # False

Bitwise Operators

• & : AND
• | : OR
• ^ : XOR
• ~ : NOT
• << : Left shift
• >> : Right shift

Bitwise Operators

5 & 3  # 1
5 | 3  # 7
5 ^ 3  # 6
~5     # -6
5 << 1 # 10
5 >> 1 # 2

Assignment Operators

Assignment Operators

a = 5
a += 3  # a = 8
a -= 3  # a = 5
a *= 3  # a = 15
a /= 3  # a = 5.0
a %= 3  # a = 2.0
a //= 3 # a = 0.0
a **= 3 # a = 0.0
a &= 3  # a = 0
a |= 3  # a = 3
a ^= 3  # a = 0
a <<= 1 # a = 0
a >>= 1 # a = 0

Membership Operators

• in : Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence
• not in : Evaluates to true if it does not find a variable in the specified sequence

Example

'a' in 'banana'       # True
'seed' not in 'weed'  # True

Identity Operators

• is : Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same object
• is not : Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator do not point to the same object

Identity Operators

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
c = [1, 2, 3]
b is a        # True
c is a        # False
c is not a    # True

Expressions

• An expression is a combination of values, variables, operators, and calls to functions.
• Expressions need to be evaluated.
• If you ask Python to print an expression, the interpreter evaluates the expression and displays the result.

Example

x = 5
y = x + 2
print(y)  # 7

Order of Operations

• Operator precedence determines which operations are performed before others in an expression.

  2 + 3 * 4  # 14
  

• Parentheses can be used to override the default precedence.

  (2 + 3) * 4  # 20
  

Summary

• Operators and expressions are fundamental in Python for performing computations.
• Understanding the different types of operators and their precedence is crucial for writing correct and efficient code.